Urinary Iodine Levels and Dietary Determinants in Pregnancies Complicated by Fetal Growth Restriction, Preeclampsia, and Spontaneous Abortion

Objective: To evaluate urinary iodine levels in healthy pregnancies and in pregnancies complicated by spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction (FGR) and to assess the relationship between iodine status and dietary habits.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 150 pregnant women divided into 5 groups, each consisting of 30 subjects: healthy pregnancies in the first trimester, healthy pregnancies in the third trimester, spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and FGR. Urinary iodine concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Dietary habits were assessed using a structured questionnaire.

Results: Urinary iodine levels did not differ significantly between healthy first-trimester pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by spontaneous abortion (143.2 ± 91.4 vs. 144.6 ± 79.5 μg/L, P = .95). Similarly, no statistically significant differences were observed among healthy third-trimester pregnancies, preeclampsia, and FGR groups (all P > .05). Participants with fish consumption had significantly higher urinary iodine levels than those without fish consumption (P = .03).

Conclusion: The findings suggest that urinary iodine levels in pregnancy is not associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.

Cite this article as: Toptaş GR, Özkaya E, Küçükozkan T. Urinary iodine levels and dietary determinants in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion. Cerrahpaşa Med J, 2026, 50, 0070, doi: 10.5152/ cjm.2026.26070.